John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was a leading figure in liberal philosophy.
Key Ideas
Liberty: Mill argued that individuals should be free to act as they wish unless their actions harm others. This is referred to as the (harm principle).
Utilitarianism: He developed the ethical theory that actions should be judged by their consequences. People must aim for the greatest happiness for the greatest number. This is known as
Utilitarianism.
Freedom of Speech: Mill was a passionate defender of free expression, believing it was essential for personal development and social progress.
Equality: Mill supported gender equality, arguing for equal opportunities and the right to vote for women.
Representative Government: He advocated for democracy, but warned against the "tyranny of the majority."
Influence
Mill's work shaped modern liberalism.
He influenced debates on free speech, women's rights, and the limits of government power.
Mill's harm principle remains central to liberal arguments about personal freedom.
Key Works
On Liberty (1859) - Explores the importance of individual freedom.
Utilitarianism (1863) - Sets out his ethical theory.
